A certification mark is underpinned by the proprietor’s regulations or standards, conformity to which is a sine qua non for legitimate use and legal protection of the mark. Therefore, the development and implementation of regulations and standards is of major consequence for certification mark owners, particularly when their marks are used for regulatory purposes. This chapter identifies the international frameworks for technical standard-setting. Included is an outline of the principles behind mutual recognition agreements for recognition of product conformity assessment procedures, of which certification is but a part. In addition, the mechanisms promoting common or ‘harmonized’ standards for products are described in light of their declared purpose of eliminating unnecessary technical barriers to trade. Key words: certification mark; collective mark; regulation; standard
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