This chapter explains the emergence of postnormal times and its development as a concept and as a theory of change. It considers its implications for Futures Studies, and introduces the three tomorrows as a workable approach to engage in futures from a postnormal perspective. Finally, it compares the three tomorrows with causal layered analysis.
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Funtowicz, Silvio O. and Ravetz, Jerome R. (1993). “Science for the Post-Normal Age”. Futures 25(7): 739–55.
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Huston, Jan (2005). “Which Way Is up?” Journal of Futures Studies 10(2): 35–54.
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Inayatullah, Sohail (2004). “Causal Layered Analysis: Theory, Historical Context, and Case Studies”, in Inayatullah Sohail (ed.), The Causal Layered Analysis (CLA) Reader (p. 8). Taipei: Tamkang University Press.
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Mayo, Liam and Miah, Shamim (2021). “Zombie Disciplines: Knowledge, Anticipatory Imagination, and Becoming in Postnormal Times”. World Futures Review 2(13): 157–71.
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Sardar, Ziauddin (2010). “Welcome to Postnormal Times”. Futures 42(5): 435–44.
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Sardar, Ziauddin (2015). “Postnormal Times Revisited”. Futures 67: 26–39.
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Sardar, Ziauddin and Sweeney, John A. (2016). “The Three Tomorrows of Postnormal Times”, Futures 75: 1–13.
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Serra del Pino, Jordi (2021). “Building Scenarios with the Three Tomorrows”. World Futures Review 13(2): 101–14.
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