Until the lengthy and difficult meeting of the European Council in July 2020, the negotiations on the Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF) of the European Union have been characterised by continuity and path dependencies. However, the COVID-19 pandemic changed the framework, the conditions, the topics and the established procedure of these MFF negotiations. The coincidence in time between these negotiations and the Corona crisis opened up the possibility for fundamental changes and reforms. This article first presents the agreement of the European Council of 21 July 2020 on the new MFF 2021–2027 of around 1 trillion euros and on the 'NextGeneration EU' (NGEU) stimulus budget of additional 750 billion euros. It traces the negotiation process and finally analyses the consequences for EU policies. Especially the amendments to the system of own resources for financing and the agreement on the additional NGEU could lead to fundamental changes in the European budgetary system.
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Front Matter
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Part I: The negotiations about the Multiannual Financial Framework 2021–2027 and their context
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Part II: Policy changes
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Part III: Do we have to reconsider theories of European integration?
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Back Matter
