There is a substantial body of international environmental law that applies in all marine regions of the world and plays an important role in establishing standards, rules and processes to address global concerns. Nevertheless, the physical environment, marine biodiversity, and human impacts, as well as politico-legal systems, differ in various parts of the world. The Indian Ocean encompasses almost a third of global ocean areas and plays a critical role in maritime trade and other industries. The marine environment in the Indian Ocean is also under threat from anthropogenic impacts including the cumulative effects of human development, yet relatively little legal literature focuses on this region. This chapter explores and analyses marine environmental law in the Indian Ocean, with a view to contributing to the legal literature on this region, including harmonising laws to better protect the marine environment and building legal capacity to achieve emerging blue economy goals.
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