The Chapter outlines the turbulent historical background to the Services Directive, setting out the early deregulatory perceptions of the legal instrument and the long-lasting consequences of the arduous negotiation circumstances. The Chapter also delineates certain key implementation challenges of the directive into the Member State national legal systems. The Chapter further contextualises the import of the Services Directive against the extensive negative integration background that had developed, prior to the directive's adoption, pursuant to the Treaty provisions on the freedom of Establishment and the free movement of Services.
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