We review the two best-known conceptualizations of cultural intelligence (CQ) and the validity of their corresponding measures to address the major issues that challenge valid CQ measurement: the perplexing structure of the construct, equivocal item content, incongruity between conceptualization and operationalization, the inappropriate choice of indices for estimating reliability, and inadequate validity evidence. We also present our theorizing concerning the relationship between CQ and cross-cultural competence, the viability of a “Big C” construct that incorporates several extant constructs related to cross-cultural competence, and best practices for the development and validation of CQ measures. We suggest the use of situational judgment tests as an alternative measurement strategy.
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