Cases in which intellectual property (IP) protection was conferred upon heritage crafts are growing in number, however they are still the exception rather than the rule. This chapter problematizes notions of authorship and ownership in heritage crafts, and discusses their implications for IP protection mechanisms. Core problematics are illustrated through a case study that describes the current efforts for establishing IP protection for the Romanian traditional blouse, an iconic artefact of the Romanian culture. The chapter overviews the challenges that such a process entails, and concludes that to make space for a broader recognition of the IP rights of local communities and societies over their heritage crafts, IP frameworks need to become more inclusive of notions of collective authorship and ownership in arts and crafts.
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