This chapter surveys the debates triggered by Malthus’s Essay on Population in the German-speaking countries in the 19th century and also takes a closer look at the reception of Malthus’s theory of overproduction and crises. The main focus is on the controversial debates among socialists and Marxists in the German-speaking countries over the Malthusian population theory. In addition, the chapter also looks at the reception of Malthus’s contributions by the leading economic theorists of the first half of the 19th century, the representatives of the German historical school, and the first-generation Austrian economists.
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