The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is now underpinning China’s global engagement and, to a large extent, domestic economic development. For China, one important aim of the BRI is to boost agricultural and food security cooperation. In this chapter, I aim to comprehensively discuss how China’s food security strategy aligns with the BRI. My argument is that agricultural and food sectors are the most likely areas where BRI might succeed as there are huge complementarities between China’s global efforts to safeguard the country’s food security and the BRI. On the one hand, BRI countries, such as Southeast Asian, Central Asian, Russia and Central and Eastern European countries, have become central to China’s efforts to diversify its food supply globally. On the other hand, agricultural and food related cooperation have potentials to address some of the key challenges facing China’s BRI.
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