Chapter 8: Competencies for viable subsistence
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The world today is facing an unprecedented concurrence of threats both natural and human-driven, ranging from climate change, humanitarian crises with mass migration, water and food shortages to political intrusions, high- and low-intensity conflicts, new wars, slavery, terrorism and chemical weapons. The shock and turbulence they produce have become an intrinsic property of reality, creating an unstable and insecure world in which to live, at the beginning of "Anthropocene". The Anthropocene era is a new geological epoch characterized by pervasive human influence on Earth's system, its atmosphere, lands, oceans, and biogeochemical nutrient cycling (Crutzen & Stoermer, 2000; Crutzen, 2006). It seems "to show high rates of free energy flows. The need to change and to adopt wisely to this liquid environment is increasing the sensations of insecurity and fragility experienced by people" (Peres et al., 2019: 117).

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