Friedrich August Hayek in the 1930s assumed the role of a main adversary of Keynes’s explanation of unemployment and economic crises. Hayek advocated an “Austrian” version of orthodox theory, building upon the works of von Mises, von Böhm-Bawerk and Pareto. Keynes had difficulties to counter Hayek’s attack on the Treatise because he was not familiar with these works. It was therefore natural for Keynes to ask Sraffa, who was familiar with the three intellectual traditions to help him out of the impasse and ward off Hayek’s attack. This Sraffa succeeded in doing. He argued that Hayek’s alternative construction was beset by a number of difficulties and inconsistencies.
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