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Manuel W. Haussner
The conclusion summarizes the main arguments of the books and shortly describes how the described scheme could be implemented.
Including Consumption in Emissions Trading
Economic and Legal Considerations
Manuel W. Haussner
Energy Cultures
Technology, Justice, and Geopolitics in Eastern Europe
Michael C. LaBelle
Effective Global Carbon Markets
Networked Emissions Trading Using Disruptive Technology
Justin D. Macinante
Carbon leakage and industry assistance
The Subsidisation of Heavy Polluters under Emissions Trading Schemes
Elena de Lemos Pinto Aydos
Chapter 2 discusses the theory of carbon leakage and competitiveness concerns in relation to emissions-intensive and trade-exposed sectors participating in ETSs. Two measures are often considered as alternatives to avoid competitiveness issues and carbon leakage from the implementation of ETSs, that is, border carbon adjustments (BCA) and the free of cost allocation of permits. While BCAs are not very popular, it is possible that, due to the adoption of free allocation of permits, carbon-pricing schemes have been failing to implement the polluter pays principle. Keywords: emissions trading – carbon leakage – free allocation – polluter pays principle