This first case expresses a post-war yearning for deparochialisation. At stake was the legal effect of a forum-selection clause in an international maritime contract. Decided by the United States Supreme Court in 1972, it marks the beginning of a process of liberalisation of contractual choice of forum, that would extend progressively from adjudication to arbitration. One might say that the siren of free trade lures international jurisdiction into the nets of party autonomy. The dispute arises from a towage contract between an American corporation (Zapata) and a German corporation (Unterweser), in which the main obligation was to move an oil rig from Louisiana to the Adriatic Sea. The contract contained the following forum-selection clause: ‘Any dispute arising must be treated before the London Court of Justice.’ Unterweser’s deep-sea tug Bremen departed Louisiana on 5 January 1968, however, during transportation a severe storm arose while the Bremen was in international waters. The rig was damaged and was towed to Tampa, Florida, the nearest port of refuge. Despite the contractual provisions, on 12 January, Zapata commenced a suit in admiralty in the United States District Court at Tampa, seeking damages against Unterweser in personam and the Bremen in rem, alleging negligent towage and breach of contract. Unterweser invoked the forum clause and moved to dismiss for lack of jurisdiction or on forum non conveniens grounds. Alternatively, the German corporation requested to stay the action pending submission of the dispute to the London Court of Justice.
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Front Matter
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PART I: JURISDICTION: JUDGING WITHOUT FRONTIERS?
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PART II: THE RISE OF INFORMALITY: EMERGING NON-LEGAL NORMATIVITIES
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PART III: CHANGING STRUCTURES: NEW FOUNDATIONS OF THE PRIVATE GLOBAL ECONOMY
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PART IV: MODES OF REASONING: DOING LAW BEYOND THE STATE
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PART V: GLOBAL MARKET: UNFAMILIAR FOCI OF CONCERN
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PART VI: PERSONHOOD: CHANGING IDENTITIES
