This chapter introduces the value of active teaching and learning. It discusses the challenges faced in the twenty-first century, and why it is a good time for reflection, reinvention, and recommitment to learner-centered approaches and interactive methods of teaching and learning. It identifies contemporary trends and innovative approaches for the active IR classroom, and addresses the importance of learning goals, procedures, and assessment. The chapter also provides an overview of different approaches discussed in this volume and highlights the wide range of classes and exercises for which these chapters can provide valuable resources.