Case study F: The challenges of moving towards universal social protection in Bolivia
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The case study discusses whether Bolivia is moving towards the ambitious vision of a universal social protection system. A brief glance at the historical development of the Bolivian welfare state discloses the enormous challenges that have to be overcome to strengthen and integrate segmented and exclusive social protection schemes in a context of high labour market informality and extreme social inequality. Against this background the article gives a general overview of the major reform efforts of contributory and non-contributory social protection schemes implemented between 2000 and 2019. Two key questions are addressed, namely if these reforms were able to achieve universal social protection floor coverage and whether the reform efforts envision a comprehensive and coherent social protection system that contributes to a more inclusive and equitable society.