Social protection systems have undergone major changes throughout the past decade: on the one hand, the global financial crisis of 2008 brought about austerity measures and reductions of social programs; on the other hand, universal social protection coverage has secured a prominent place on the development agenda of both national governments and the international community. Even the best intended social protection reforms can produce both winners and losers. Acceptable, sustainable and equity-enhancing reforms therefore strike a balance between gains and losses. Social protection reforms that generate losers can be accompanied by compensation measures. These measures can reduce unintended negative consequences of reform (for example increases in poverty) and increase its success and sustainability