Interest in the notion of economic resilience has prompted a rich and developing set of conceptual, empirical and policy debates in recent years. As the concept matures, significant points of dissonance and debate can be found across the sub-discipline providing fertile ground for further methodological and conceptual development. This chapter provides an introduction to this Handbook which is intended to synthesise some key elements of this debate by drawing together critical insights from leading writers in the field to examine what is known, what is contested and where the critical avenues are for future exploration.