Denters discusses in Chapter 11 the potentials and pitfalls of community self-organization. He introduces the distinction between invited and created spaces. This distinction resembles the difference between government-induced and civic-induced interactive governance. In his chapter, Denters elaborates the ACTIE framework which can be used to analyse important features and factors of civic initiatives such as aims and ambitions, talents and time and institutionalization of civic-induced interactive governance. Denters argues that these factors determine to a large extent the effectiveness and legitimacy of community self-organization.

In the literature on size and democracy most attention so far has gone out to size effects on citizens’ psychological and active involvement in democratic politics. Effects of size on political representation have so far been under-studied. In this contribution we focus on how size of (local) political jurisdictions affects political representation. This paper provides an overview of the most important theoretical arguments relevant for answering this question. In doing so, we consider four different interpretations of political representation. In the literature we identify two main lines of arguments. In the first line of argument it is emphasized that for all four interpretations of representation, large jurisdictions provide a better structure of political opportunities. In the second line of argument it is argued that for all four interpretations, the social dynamics in civic communities in smaller jurisdictions create better chances for the actual well-functioning of representative democracy.