The assumption that money can disturb economic activity has gained consensus across different schools of economic thought, but there remain differences in terms of the channels through which this occurs. Many economists consider that central banks can only set their rate of interest and are unable to control the money supply, thereby debt originates money, which has become structurally endogenous. This chapter analyses different heterodox approaches, highlighting the discussion on money creation and destruction, and explaining how this applies to developing economies, where demand for investment expenditure is limited and exchange rates have become increasingly important. The analysis focuses on the Mexican economy in the 1980–2007 period, just before the global financial crisis burst.