The governance of water resources in the Canadian federation reflects an approach to natural resources management under which the national government largely defers to the provinces as the primary resource managers. This chapter, first, explores the constitutional and political roots of provincial supremacy in water resources management; second, illustrates through two examples how this supremacy may lead to poor policy outcomes for the management of shared water basins; and finally, offers some suggestions as to how Canadaís decentralized approach to federalism can be reconciled with the need to reflect national interests in interjurisdictional water management.
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