No extract available
accountability 74–8
activist scientists 11, 41, 42, 45, 47, 48, 52, 68, 70, 72–3, 96, 98, 102, 134
ad hoc working groups 103–4
adaptation 44, 45, 79, 114, 120
Advisory Group on Greenhouse Gases (AGGG) 11, 48, 102
aerosol pollutants 65–6
Alinta Energy 86
Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS) 104
American Clean Skies Foundation 25
anarchism 41–2
Anderegg, W.R. 81
anonymous peer review 56, 68, 95
anthropogenic climate change (ACC) 30, 40, 50, 59, 60, 66, 68, 81, 83, 92, 122, 128, 134
anti-nuclearism 34
arbitrage opportunities, exploitation of 29
‘arenas of power’ approach 15, 28
Argo floats 61
argumentum ad populum42, 60, 80
Arking, A. 59
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum (APEC) 111
Asia-Pacific Partnership (APP) 100–101, 109, 110, 111, 117
attribution 39, 49–52, 59, 69, 92, 94, 121, 133
Auken, S. 23
Australia 20, 25, 32, 34, 36, 56, 85–6, 91, 110, 116, 117, 125
availability cascades 133–5, 137, 138
availability entrepreneurs 134, 138, 139
Ayres, R. 93
Bali Roadmap (2007) 130
bandwagons 137
Basel Action Network 104
BBC 57
Benedick, R.E. 9
Bergen Conference (1990) 102
‘Beyond Coal’ campaign 25, 77, 90, 115
bilateral initiatives 112, 113–14
Biniaz, S. 127
Blair, T. 108
Blue Ribbon Commission 24
Boal, I. 10
Bodansky, D. 106
Boehmer-Christiansen, S. 137
‘Bootlegger, Baptist and Boffin’ coalitions 10, 17–18, 20, 21, 22, 25, 28, 38, 76–7, 78, 98, 122, 123, 124, 134, 139
Borenstein, S. 94
bottom-up climate regime 99
Boykoff, M. 81
Brennan, G. 4
Brenton, T. 8
Buchanan, J. 4
Buck, S. 77
Bullock, S. 78
Burden sharing Agreement (EU) 30, 31, 32, 76
Bush, G.W. 10, 24, 110, 111, 112, 123
business interests 15–24, 77, 122, 123
CACAM 104
Cairo Compact (1989) 102
Canada 9, 34–5, 36, 87, 98, 100, 109, 118
‘cap and trade’ schemes 24, 87, 97–8, 109
capitalism 15, 16, 18, 21, 27, 38, 123
carbon capture and storage (CCS) 111, 112, 113, 114
carbon dioxide (CO2) 7, 8, 16–17, 31, 33, 35–6, 39, 40, 45, 87, 90, 113, 122, 126
carbon leakage 125
Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum (CSLF) 111–12
Cartagena Dialogue 104
Catastrophic Anthropogenic Global Warming (CAGW) 40, 59
catastrophism 10, 44, 80, 92, 134
Cato Institute 26
Central Group 104
Cerny, P.G. 29
Chernobyl 30
China 2, 11, 17, 32, 33, 77, 100, 101, 108, 109, 113–14, 116, 121, 123, 129, 130, 132
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) 9, 108, 121
Christoff, P. 117
Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) 108
Clean Energy Act 2010 (British Columbia) 35
Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM) 110, 111, 114
Clean Energy Regulator (CER) 86
Clean Energy Research Center (US-China) 114
Clean Power Plan 123, 128, 130, 131, 132
Climate Accountability Institute 92, 93, 96
Climate Action Network 75, 76, 93, 104
climate apostasy 83
climate change 5, 7, 8–9, 23–4, 39, 43–5, 49, 124
see also deniers/denialism; sceptics/scepticism
Climate Change Convention 12
climate change policy 1–6, 15–24, 45, 48, 65, 70, 76, 89
see also global climate policy; policy learning; policy tools/instruments; policy-based evidence
Climate Change Working Group (CCWG) 113–14
climate models/modelling 7, 10, 40, 42, 50, 51, 59, 65, 66, 68, 93, 124, 133
Climate Protection Authority 23–4
Climate Research Unit (CRU) 43, 53–4, 57, 59, 61
climate science 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 26, 39–69, 72, 74, 83, 122, 124–5, 137–8
see also activist scientists; dissenting scientists/science; junior scientists; ‘scientists behaving badly’
Climategate 43, 52–9, 71, 83, 133, 136
Clinton, B. 2, 23, 24, 43, 49, 123
coal sector 7, 20, 30, 32–3, 77, 130–31
coal-fired electricity 2, 16, 17, 32, 33, 34, 77, 85–6, 114, 115, 123, 131
Coalition for Rainforest Nations 104
cognitive dissonance 125, 136–7
collaboration(s) 56, 68, 97, 111, 112, 114
collective action 15
Columbia River Treaty (1961) 118
Combined Cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT) 2, 16, 33, 37
‘common but differentiated responsibilities’ 2, 11
comparison of emissions 17
compliance 4, 5, 34, 36, 38, 120, 126, 129
Conference(s) of the Parties (COP) 41, 49, 53, 103, 110, 111
conflicts
between science and engineering 64–5
constituencies (NGO) 105
constructivism 9
contractarian negotiations 4, 5
Convention on Desertification 107
Cooler Heads Coalition 78
Copenhagen Accord (2009) 67, 110–111, 130
‘Copenhagen Consensus’ project 44
corporate social responsibility 21
credibility 11, 24, 40, 47, 58, 138
Crocker, T. 65
DaimlerChrysler 78
Dales, J. 65
data 40, 42, 51, 53–4, 56, 59, 60, 61–2, 63, 64, 65, 66, 132, 135, 138
see also climate models/modelling; research
Davies, K. 136
decarbonization 16, 21, 27, 87, 90, 109
deniers/denialism 26, 41, 60, 68, 70, 78–84, 92, 93, 96, 134, 136, 137
Denmark 18
depth issue, bucket readings 62
desperation 6
developing countries 2, 11, 23, 31, 77, 85, 108, 109, 116
Directions Statement (World Bank) 25, 27, 77, 115
The Discovery of Global Warming80
dissenting scientists/science 41, 53, 55, 59, 69, 70, 78, 79, 98, 113, 134, 136
distributive bargaining 4, 68, 113
domestic policy(ies) 14, 31, 84, 98, 105, 115, 121, 127
donations 22, 25, 26, 90, 95, 105
‘double standards’ provision 11, 121
dry air 40
DTE Energy 130–31
Durban Platform for Enhanced Action (2011) 104, 111, 130
Eckersley, R. 117
economic impacts assessment 106
economic interests 34
EDF 20
electricity generation 70, 86, 90
see also coal-fired electricity; gas-fired electricity; hydroelectricity
Emanuel, K. 96
Energiewende87, 88, 98, 121, 125
energy competition 9, 18, 20, 27, 28, 29, 78
energy crises 7
energy efficiency 16, 33, 34, 48, 77, 91, 114
energy prices 2, 25, 33, 35, 86, 87, 88, 89
Energy Return on Energy Invested 17
energy sector interests 16–18, 20, 77
energy taxation 18, 28, 31, 102
environmental altruism 8
Environmental Council 32
Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) 22, 71
environmental non-governmental organizations (ENGOs) 8, 15, 28, 38, 48, 104–5, 124
close relation between the ‘Community’ and 57, 70, 71–4
corporate support and coalitions with 21, 22, 28
denier accusations 78
problem definition 45
reconstructing interests 84–9
representativeness and accountability 74–8, 105
support in shift to gas, US 25
UN opening of access to 19
environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) 82–3
Eon 88
epistemic communities 8, 9, 38, 48, 49, 52, 66, 70, 124, 134, 135, 139
epistemic consensus 5, 9, 40, 49, 50, 70, 96, 97, 125
ERM Power 86
Eronen, P. 37
Eurogroups 76
European Bubble see Burden Sharing Agreement
European Commission 32, 75, 76, 97, 129
European Renewable Energy Council 74
European Union (EU) 6, 10, 19, 33, 67, 70, 109, 116, 117, 129, 130, 138
evidence-based presentations 59–60
executive orders 3, 25, 28, 96
expert questioning, silencing of 55
ExxonMobile 25–7, 28, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96
falsification 40, 41, 59, 60, 96, 125, 134
Farallon Capital Management 91
Feldman, D. 8
Fifth Assessment Report (IPCC) 59, 63
First Assessment Report (IPCC) 7, 12, 32, 102
Flassbeck, H. 88–9
flows and stocks distinction 11, 35, 36
Folland, C.K. 62
see also coal sector; oil and gas sector
Foster, J. 92
Fourier, J. 39
Fourth Assessment Report (IPCC) 73
Free Trade Agreement (Canada-US) 35
Friends of the Earth (FOE) 67, 75, 76, 80, 93
Frumhoff, P.C. 95
funding 11, 21, 25, 26, 28, 50, 70, 75–6, 92, 114, 115, 120, 128–9, 131
G8+5 Climate Change Dialogue 108–9
garbage-can decision-making 38
gas sector see oil and gas sector
gas transmission dispute 37
gas-fired electricity 2, 16, 20, 33
Gelbspan, R. 80
generality of rules 4
German Council of Experts on the Environment 30
Germany 9, 11, 17, 30–32, 32–3, 75, 87, 88–9, 98, 125
Gillis, J. 78–9
Global Climate Coalition 52, 78
Global Climate and Energy Project (Stanford) 26
global climate policy 1–6, 45, 48, 70, 120, 129
global cooling 7, 44, 50, 65, 135, 138
global framework convention 102
Global Legislators Organization for a Balanced Environment (GLOBE) 108–9
global warming 7, 9, 24, 30, 48, 50, 94, 132, 134, 138
Goddard Institute of Space Studies (GISS) 66, 90
Goldstein, L. 133
Gore, A. 2, 43, 47, 89, 93, 117, 122, 123
Gough, C. 52
government organized NGOs (GONGOs) 75
Green Institute Limited 105
green movement 34
Green Schools 105
greenhouse gases (GHGs) 2, 11, 30, 66, 94
see also carbon dioxide (CO2); comparison of emissions; emissions trading; mitigation; reduction in emissions; water vapour
Greenpeace 25, 26, 27, 67, 71, 73, 74, 75, 76, 79, 93, 94
Group of Mountain Landlocked Developing Countries 104
groupthink 135–6
GRULAC 104
Gummer, J. 23
Hague Conference and Declaration (1989) 102
Hansen Alternative Scenario 124
Hansen, J. 3, 24, 26, 43, 45, 46, 47, 96, 121
Hare, B. 73
Harold, J. 81
Harper, S. 100
Harrabin, R. 57
Harvey, J. 80
Healey, M. 95–6
Hertsgaard, M. 80
High Efficiency, Low Emissions (HELE) technology 25, 114, 115, 116, 123
historical responsibility 35, 36
historical temperature records 61–2, 65
‘Hockey Stick’ paper 43, 53, 55, 57, 71
Holdren, J. 63
Holmes, J. 138
Holocaust metaphor 41, 70, 79, 80, 82, 83
homogenization of records 61
Hoven, R. 126
human influence 44, 45, 49, 89
Hume, D. 84
Hybrid Warfare 37
hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) 108, 114
hypersupercritical plants 16, 77
India 77, 100, 108, 109, 121, 123, 129
Institute of Public Affairs 81–2
institutional bargaining 4, 5, 13, 14, 68, 99, 113, 118, 122
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle 16
intended nationally determined contributions (INDCs) 120, 128, 129, 139
intensity reduction 100
interests
see also business interests; conflicts, of interest; national interests; significance of interests
intergovernmental conferences 101–2
Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC) 11, 12, 102–3, 106
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 11, 13, 43, 49, 102, 135
argumentum ad populum42
assessment reports 7, 12, 26, 32, 48, 49, 51, 52, 59, 63, 70, 73, 92, 102, 133
gatekeeping 56
negative impact on Kyoto Protocol 5
relationship with ENGOs 71–2, 73–4, 97
science-policy nexus 52
scientific panel 48
Working Groups II and III (IPCC) 107
international cohesion 8–9
International Commission on Climate and Energy Security 109
International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) 62
International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU) 8, 101
International Energy Agency (IEA) 7, 16, 33, 77, 105–8, 112, 113
International Rivers 115
iterative functionalism 8
Janis, I.L. 135
Japan 12, 25, 34, 36, 100, 109, 116
Jenkins Jr, H.W 66
Johns, T.C. 51
Joint Announcement on Climate Change (US-China, 2014) 113
‘Joint Implementation’ for Annex-I 21, 23
Karlsson, E. 96
Kent, E.C. 62
Keystone XL pipeline 91
Kinder Morgan 91
Kirshner, D. 22
Kissinger, H. 7
Knappenberger, P.C. 51
Koonin, S. 90
Krupp, F. 22
Kuhn, T. 41
Kushner, J. 127
Kyoto Protocol 1–2, 3, 5, 10, 17, 31, 36, 37, 38, 49, 102, 103, 107, 126
Lash, J. 46
Law of the Least Ambitious Program 4, 14, 118–19
Leggett, J. 21
Leibenstein, H. 137
life-cycle assessment 17
logic of appropriateness 28, 29, 115
logical of consequences 28, 115
logical fallacies 26, 41, 42, 60, 80, 84
Lomborg, B. 44, 45, 79, 81, 132
‘lowest common denominator’ logic 4, 19, 119
McCain, J. 100
McClendon, A. 25
Mckenzie-Hedger, M. 71
Major Economies Meetings 109–110, 111
Mann, M.E. 41, 44, 53, 55, 56, 58, 60, 68, 92
March, J.G. 28
margin of error 66
marine air temperatures (MAT) 61
May, R. 27
mean global temperature (MGT) 39, 40, 44, 60, 120, 132, 134
Medieval Warm Period 39, 53, 56
Meeting of the Parties (MOP) 117
Meinshausen, M. 73
Merkel, A. 67
Milman, O. 3
miners’ strike (1984-5) 20, 32
minilateralism 118–19
misleading data 90
Mission Innovation 112
mistakes 121
Mitchell, J.F.B. 51
mitigation 1, 10, 16–17, 45, 77, 87, 110, 124, 125, 128
Montford, A.W. 53
Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 121
Moore, G.E. 84
Moore, M. 132
Morgan, J. 73
Morseletto, P. 67
Moss, R. 73
multilateral agreements 3–4, 6, 70
multinational corporations 17–18, 19, 20, 27–9
multiple arenas/venues 101–119, 126
Musk, E. 131
‘mutually acceptable arrangements’ 4–5
Naím, M. 118
National Center for Atmospheric Research 51
National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) 42
National Environmental Trust 22
national interests 18, 20, 24–7, 29–37, 75, 78, 129
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) 60, 63, 64, 66, 90
National Wildlife Federation 22, 67
nationally determined contributions (NDCs) 1, 123, 127, 128, 132
Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) 22, 93
natural variability 44, 50, 53
naturalistic fallacy 84
negotiation(s) 4–5, 8, 26, 70–99, 101, 118, 119
New Internationalist80
New York Times57
NextGen 92
nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) 17
Nitze, B. 102
noble cause corruption 41, 45, 59, 68, 83, 84, 95, 138
non-binding agreements 10, 111
non-disclosure of data 53–4, 56
non-groups/non-papers 107
Noordwijk Ministerial Conference (1989) 12, 102
Nord Stream 37
norm entrepreneurs 70, 74, 84, 96, 97, 98, 123, 124, 134
nuclear accidents 7, 25, 30, 88
nuclear energy 7, 16, 20, 25, 34–5, 88, 114, 122, 129
Obama, B. 3, 25, 28, 66, 67, 90, 96, 110, 113, 114, 121, 123
observational data 40, 51, 59, 60, 62, 63, 66, 135, 138
observer bodies 105–8
Ocean Data Acquisition Systems (ODAS) 62
OECD 25, 105–8, 112–13, 114, 115, 116
oil and gas sector 2, 7, 19, 20, 25, 33, 37, 77, 89, 90, 91, 93, 108, 114, 115
O’Keefe, W. 29
Olsen, J.P. 28
Olson, M. 15
O’Neill, S.J. 81
Ontario 87
Ontario Hydro 34–5
Oppenheimer, M. 73, 94, 95, 102
Oreskes, N. 26, 81, 83, 92, 93, 95, 96
Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC) 7
Ottawa Conference (1989) 12, 102
Oxburgh, Lord 109
Palmisano, J. 18, 21, 22–3, 29, 30
Paris Agreement (2015) 1, 2–3, 4, 10, 28, 84, 90, 101, 111, 113, 114, 117, 120–39
Parker, D.E. 62
partisanship 47, 70, 90, 98, 122, 123
pause 60, 64, 132, 133, 134, 138
Pearman, G. 73
peer review 42–3, 55, 56, 68, 93, 94, 95, 114, 132, 133
permanence of rules 4
Peterson, T. 64
Petsonk, A. 71
photovoltaic panels 17
Pielke Jr, R.A. 10, 40, 41, 53, 60
Pimm, S. 80
Pittock, B. 71
Plan of Action on Climate Change, Clean Energy and Sustainable Development 112
Platt’s World Electric Power Plants Database 124
playing fields, overlapping 29
Policy Group (CSLF) 112
policy learning 1, 84, 98, 137
policy tools/instruments 3, 13, 52, 65, 68, 84, 97, 106, 117
policy-based evidence 12, 68, 95, 125, 137–8
politics 17, 30, 40–41, 42, 45, 49–52
Pomerance, R. 46, 49, 50, 117, 122
Pook, M. 59
Popperian falsification 41, 60, 134
postnormal science 41, 52, 58, 68
Prall, J.W. 81
Principia Ethica84
privatization 33
Productivity Commission (Australia) 86
public health policy advocates 82
public ownership 20
public policy(ies) 10, 15, 41, 43, 69, 83, 137–8
pull to compliance 5, 34, 36, 38, 120, 126
quality assurance 41, 56, 64, 68, 90
Ramstorf, S. 58
reciprocity 21, 22, 28, 73, 99, 126
Reddish, I. 71
redistributive multilateralism 111, 113
reduction in emissions 2, 12, 30, 31, 32, 34, 89, 100, 102, 129
regulatory politics/policy 10, 15, 20, 38, 98
relative gains 9–10
renewable energy 16, 17, 18, 20, 74, 85, 87, 88, 89, 114, 115, 125
Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs) 85, 86
Renewable Energy Target (RET) 85, 86, 121
reporting requirement 1
reputation(s) 23, 24, 57–8, 74, 96, 121, 137
research 26, 41, 58, 68, 89–90, 100, 106, 112
see also data; peer review
responding 106
Ridley, M. 91
Rockefeller Brothers Fund Inc. 92, 93
Roderick, P. 94
Royal Society 27
Rudd, K. 117
Sand, P.H. 4
Santer, B.D. 50, 51, 59, 92–3, 132, 133
satellite data 61, 64, 65, 132
saving the planet 16, 41, 45, 84
Sceptics Project 71
sceptics/scepticism 26, 28, 59, 61, 83, 98, 133
Schattschneider, E.E. 101
Schmidt, H. 30
Schulz, N. 71
science see climate science
scientific knowledge 9, 10, 39, 40, 43, 59
‘scientists behaving badly’ 41, 136
sea surface temperatures (SSTs) 61, 62, 125
Seager, J. 67
Second Assessment Report (IPCC) 26, 49, 51, 52, 92, 133
Serengeti strategy 60
Shackley, S. 52
Shultz, G. 102
Siegel, M. 82
Sierra Club 22, 25, 67, 77, 90, 93, 115
significance of interests 9–10, 11, 14, 33–4, 38
‘sinful’ investments 90
single cycle thermal generation 16
The Skeptical Environmentalists79, 81
Smith, J. 57
Smith, L. 63
social psychology 133–7
Somerville, R. 57
Spencer, R. 133
stage-managed testimony 46–9
Stavins, R. 135
‘step-by-step’ model 9
Steyer-Taylor Center for Energy Policy and Finance 91
‘Stockholm Consensus’ project 45
Strong, M. 8
Sturm, C. 88
subsidiary bodies (FCCC) 103
subsidies 20, 21, 32, 85, 87, 88, 114
subversion of peer review 55, 56
sulphate plus greenhouse hypothesis 50–51, 124–5
sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) 17
Summary for Policy makers 50
Sunrise Project campaign 28
Swart, R. 71
Sydney Declaration on Climate Change 111
Tata Conference (1989) 102
Technical Group (CSLF) 112
Technology Action Plans 110
think tanks 26, 27, 81–2, 95, 105
This Changes Everything: Capitalism vs. The Climate15
Thorne, P. 64
Timmer, J. 79
‘toe in the door’ negotiation 8
Tolba, M.K. 7–8, 9, 11, 12–13, 84, 102, 139
TomKat Center for Sustainable Energy 91
Toronto Conference (1988) 12, 34, 35, 48, 101, 102
Trenberth, K. 57
Trump, D.J. 3, 14, 25, 90, 96, 113, 123, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 138
Trump, I. 127
trust 42, 89, 97, 113, 114, 117, 126
Tyndall, J. 39
Umbrella Group 33, 34, 36, 38, 85, 104
uncertainty 4, 5, 11, 13, 49, 57, 59–66, 68, 92, 93, 126
unfairness 36
Union of Concerned Scientists 45, 67, 79, 92, 93, 96
United Kingdom 9, 11, 17, 18, 20, 30, 31, 32, 33, 56, 76, 87, 107–8, 110
United Nations 11, 12, 19, 101, 105
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS I, II and II) 6
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) 8, 12, 101
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) 1, 2, 11, 12, 17, 19, 31, 41, 43, 103–5, 124
United States 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 12, 14, 23, 25, 32, 36, 56, 89–97, 102, 109, 111, 113–14, 116, 117, 121, 122–3
vertical disintegration of policy 4, 5
Victor, D.G. 94–5
Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer 6, 8, 9, 11
Villach Conference (1985) 9, 48, 67, 101, 102
Voluntary Observing Ships (VOS) buoys 62
voluntary pledge architecture 100, 111
Walker, R.B. 75
War on Coal 90, 93, 96, 114, 123
Ward, B. 27
water vapour 36, 39, 40, 42, 59, 134
Whetton, P. 73
windfall (wallfall) benefits 30, 33
Wirth, T. 46, 47–8, 49, 89, 117, 122
witchcraft 39
world atmosphere fund 102
world climate conferences 8, 101, 102
World Climate Programme (WCP) 101
World Health Organization (WHO) 124
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) 8, 12, 52, 101
World Wildlife Fund (WWF) 71–2, 78, 93
Wright, R. 37