Patents and the Measurement of International Competitiveness
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Patents and the Measurement of International Competitiveness

New Data on the Use of Patents by Universities, Small Firms and Individual Inventors

William Kingston and Kevin Scally

This highly original book represents a major advance in the use of patents to compare countries’ technological competitiveness. It tabulates and analyses 280,000 United States patents from countries across the world over a ten year period. Specifically, these patents were granted to ‘not-for-profit’ entities (mainly universities and research institutes), firms with no more than 500 employees, or to individual inventors. For each of these groups, the book provides statistics and discussion on how long patents are kept in force, the extent to which they are cited, and how far inventions made in different countries are in fact owned in the United States.

Monograph Book

Published in print:
29 Aug 2006
ISBN:
9781843764441
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4337/9781781007532
Pages:
224
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New Zealand

William Kingston and Kevin Scally

Monograph Chapter

Published in print:
29 Aug 2006
Category:
Monograph Chapter
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4337/9781781007532.00034
Pages:
(2 total)
Collection: Economics 2010 and before

Extract

Table NZ.1 Small Entity patent counts by year, 1994 to 2003 Year 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 10 yrs Individual 14 10 23 25 25 25 21 29 27 21 220 Small Firm 5 11 8 25 33 33 35 36 31 30 247 Nonprofit 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 1 1 0 5 Total 19 21 31 51 58 58 58 66 59 51 472 Figure NZ.1 SE counts, % change on 1994 with % change year over year 250.00% 200.00% 150.00% 100.00% 50.00% 0.00% -50.00% 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 % change from 1994 % change yr on yr 154 New Zealand 155 Table NZ.2 Cited Small Entity patents, 1994 to 2002 Year 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Cited>=1 17 15 19 38 42 31 26 15 0 % >=1 89.5% 71.4% 61.3% 74.5% 72.4% 53.4% 44.8% 22.7% 0.0% Cited >= 3 8 7 8 19 17 12 6 3 0 % >= 3 42.1% 33.3% 25.8% 37.3% 29.3% 20.7% 10.3% 4.5% 0.0% Total 19 21 31 51 58 58 58 66 59 Table NZ.3 Distribution of SE patents by Technology Class, 1994 to 2003 Year 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Chem. 3 4 8 6 6 12 19 8 19 9 % Chem. 15.8% 19.0% 25.8% 11.8% 10.3% 20.7% 32.8% 12.1% 32.2% 17.6% Elec. 3 2 5 8 12 3 11 17 12 6 % Elec....

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